Technology has made it easier for fraudsters to operate. Security protocols are a major task when it comes to transactions. Although blockchain is an exciting innovation, it requires additional security standards to ensure transactions are secure. Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is a good solution in these circumstances. Blockchain has always been associated with cryptography. Since ZKP’s introduction, people have been interested in the combination of cryptography with blockchain. The transaction is fully secured on a blockchain platform using cryptographic techniques. This means that financial transactions can be secured using the combination of cryptography, blockchain, and cryptography.
What is Zero Knowledge Proof?
Zero-Knowledge Proof, a cryptographic method that requires no information to be revealed in a transaction other than the exchange of some value between the prover (the end of the process) and verifiers (the prover). Zero-knowledge Proof is a cryptographic technique that allows users to prove to other users that they know an absolute number without actually disclosing any additional or additional information.
The following are three properties that ZKPs possess:
- Completeness
The transaction is complete when the transaction statement is true and the prover has permission to process the transaction ahead. The verifier is authorized to grant the prover access to the transaction statements if they are true.
- Soundness
The soundness property means that the transaction was correct and is not part of any fraudulent case. The verifier cannot be trusted if the transaction scenario is not correct or the statement is false. In this case, the verifier is unable to certify the prover and/or permit the prover to ask for inputs.
- Zero-knowledge
The verifier will not have access to any other information than the current statement, and the statement’s authenticity. Any private information or other details of different parties will not be disclosed.
What are the two main types of Zero Knowledge Proof?
These are the ZKPs’ two most fundamental types:
- Interactive ZKP
Mathematical probability is the focus of the actions that are associated with these concepts. Interactive ZKP is where a prover must convince a specific verifier. Then, they need to repeat the process for each verifier. Interactive ZKPs require the prover to complete a series or actions in order for the verifier to believe a certain fact.
- Non-Interactive ZKP
Non-interactive ZKPs do not allow for any interaction between the verifier or the prover. A prover provides proof that anyone can verify in a non-interactive ZKP. Also, the verification process may be moved to another stage. Specific software is required to create non-interactive ZKPs with a better mechanism.
Let’s now learn about ZKP and its use with technology. Zcash is one prominent Zero-Knowledge Proof usage. Zcash, which is the original application of zk-SNARKs as well as the fundamental form Zero-Knowledge cryptography, is the most prominent use of Zero-Knowledge proof.
Let’s now understand what zk SNARKs actually is. zk-SNARKs stands as an acronym for Zero Knowledge Succinct Interactive Argument of Knowledge. zk–SNARKs is a technology which uses non-interactive ZKP.
zk SNARKs works with these algorithms.
- Key Generator
A key generator sets a parameter for generating a key pair. A trusted source can then delete the private data after creating a private or publicly accessible key pair. The public information then generates a second key pair. This pair could be used to verify and prove.
- Prover
The proofer gets the proving key, and must prove his knowledge. He will then verify the private keys and forward the statement.
- Verifier
The verifyer will receive the input of the prover and will confirm the authenticity.
Zk-SNARKS needs to also maintain these four properties.
- The statement is all that the verifier will learn. The verifier will only be able to understand the statement if it is succinct.
- Non-interactive: This process should not be interactive.
- The proof must follow the principle soundness with zero-knowledge encryption
- A trusted witness is required to verify and verify the proceedings.
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